What physiological changes occur due to high altitude exposure?

High altitude exposure induces several physiological adaptations in the body to compensate for the reduced availability of oxygen. As altitude increases, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases, leading to lower oxygen saturation in the blood. In response, the body initiates various mechanisms to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues.

One of the primary responses is an increase in heart rate, which helps to pump more blood—and thus more oxygen—throughout the body. Additionally, the body ramps up the production of red blood cells through a process called erythropoiesis. This increase in red blood cell count allows for improved oxygen transport capacity, compensating for the lower oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

These physiological changes are essential for maintaining functionality during high altitude exposure and are critical for individuals who engage in activities like mountaineering or aviation at elevated heights.